People as Resource : Class 9
Hi students! Here is your learning friend Triple W with all the NCERT questions along with their answers from Class 9 Economics, Chapter 2 – People as Resource :
NCERT Exercise Questions
Question 1: What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Answer: ‘People as a resource’ refers to the working population of a country in terms of their productive capacity and skills. Like other resources, such as land and capital, human resources contribute to economic development by their abilities and skills. People become a resource when they contribute to the country’s productivity through education, training, and healthcare, ultimately enhancing economic growth.
Question 2: How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer: Human resources are different from other resources like land and physical capital because they can make use of land and physical capital to produce goods and services. Human resources can develop skills, improve their productivity through education, and adapt to changes, while other resources like land and physical capital are static and cannot change by themselves. Human resources are dynamic and can drive innovation, whereas other resources cannot grow or develop independently.
Question 3: What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer: Education plays a crucial role in human capital formation. It enhances the skills, knowledge, and efficiency of individuals, making them capable of contributing more effectively to the economy. Educated individuals can understand technology better, are more innovative, and can adapt to new methods of working. Education also leads to better employment opportunities and increased productivity, resulting in overall economic development.
Question 4: What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer: Health is equally important as education in human capital formation. A healthy population is more productive and contributes more to the economy. Good health improves individuals’ efficiency and reduces absenteeism from work. Healthier people are better able to utilize their education and skills effectively, leading to higher productivity. Moreover, a healthy workforce can work for longer periods without being interrupted by illnesses, thus contributing continuously to the economy.
Question 5: What part does health play in an individual’s working life?
Answer: Health plays a significant role in an individual’s working life. A healthy individual can work efficiently and perform their tasks without hindrance. Health ensures that people can utilize their education and skills to the fullest, resulting in increased productivity and better job performance. A healthier worker will be less prone to sickness, reducing the number of days lost due to illness and enhancing overall economic output.
Question 6: What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors?
Answer: The three sectors of economic activities are:
Primary Sector: This sector includes activities related to natural resources. Examples include agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and animal husbandry.
Secondary Sector: This sector involves the manufacturing and processing of goods. It includes industries like textile production, steel manufacturing, automobile production, construction, and food processing.
Tertiary Sector: This sector includes services rather than goods. Examples include education, healthcare, banking, transportation, communication, insurance, trade, and tourism.
Question 7: What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer: Here are some differences between economic activities and non-economic activities-
Economic Activities: These are activities that result in the production of goods and services and are performed for payment or money. Examples include farming, manufacturing, and services such as banking and teaching.
Non-economic Activities: These activities do not result in earning income but are done out of love, compassion, or social responsibility. Examples include volunteering, household chores, and social work.
Question 8: Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Answer: Women are often employed in low-paid work due to several reasons, including:
- Lack of proper education and training, limiting their job opportunities.
- Social and cultural norms that sometimes discourage women from working in higher-paid or skilled jobs.
- Discrimination in the workplace, where women may not be given equal opportunities as men.
- Women are often engaged in informal sectors or unorganized labor where wages are low, and job security is minimal.
Question 9: How will you explain the term ‘unemployment’?
Answer: Unemployment refers to a situation where people who are willing and able to work at the prevailing wage rate cannot find suitable employment. Unemployment can take various forms, such as disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, and structural unemployment. High unemployment leads to wastage of human resources and affects economic growth.
Question 10: What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer: Disguised Unemployment: This occurs when more people are employed in a job than is actually required, and even if some workers are removed, there is no effect on production. It is common in agriculture where too many workers are engaged in small plots of land.
Seasonal Unemployment: This occurs when people are unable to find work during certain seasons of the year. It is typical in industries like agriculture, where labor demand fluctuates with the seasons, for example, during the sowing and harvesting periods.
Question 11: Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem in India?
Answer: Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem in India because, despite having a large number of educated individuals, there are not enough employment opportunities available for them. Factors contributing to this include:
– Mismatch between the education system and the demands of the job market.
– Lack of vocational and skill-based education.
– Rapid population growth leading to a surplus of educated individuals.
This results in a large portion of the educated youth being unemployed or underemployed.
Question 12: In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer: India can build maximum employment opportunities in the tertiary sector, especially in services like information technology, education, healthcare, tourism, and financial services. The IT sector, in particular, has been a major contributor to employment. Additionally, promoting small-scale industries and the self-employment sector through entrepreneurship can help generate significant employment opportunities.
Question 13: Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of educated unemployment?
Answer: Some measures to mitigate the problem of educated unemployment in India include:
– Introducing more skill-based and vocational training programs in the education system to equip students with employable skills.
– Encouraging entrepreneurship and providing necessary support and resources to start businesses.
– Enhancing technical education to align with industry needs, such as training in IT, biotechnology, and other modern fields.
– Expanding internship and apprenticeship programs to provide students with practical experience.
– Strengthening career counseling to guide students in choosing appropriate career paths based on the job market.
Question 14: Which capital would you consider the best – land, labour, physical capital, or human capital? Why?
Answer: Human capital is considered the best form of capital because it drives the use of other resources like land, labor, and physical capital efficiently. An educated and healthy workforce is capable of making effective use of land and capital, improving productivity, and fostering innovation. Unlike physical capital, which can depreciate, human capital can improve over time with proper education, training, and healthcare, leading to long-term economic growth.
This completes the NCERT questions and answers for Class 9 Economics, Chapter 2 – “People as Resource.”